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Les ambitions de l'Union Europ\u00e9enne et de la Chine en mati\u00e8re d'hydrog\u00e8ne dessinent un d\u00e9but d'antagonismes. D'un c\u00f4t\u00e9, l'Europe veut investir quelques 470 milliards d'euros pour mettre au point des infrastructures sur le continent. La Chine se presse \u00e9galement pour subventionner un secteur qui peut lui permettre d'atteindre rapidement ses objectifs d'\u00e9missions carbone tout en servant de relais de croissance.
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

Serait-ce enfin le moment qu'attendait la fili\u00e8re de l'hydrog\u00e8ne ?<\/strong> En quelques ann\u00e9es, cette source d'\u00e9nergie est pass\u00e9 du statut de curiosit\u00e9, \u00e0 un r\u00e9el secteur d'avenir. Il faut dire qu'en ce moment les investissements de la fili\u00e8re augmentent \u00e0 vitesse grand V partout dans le monde<\/strong> – sur fond de crise climatique et d'objectifs d'\u00e9mission carbone que l'hydrog\u00e8ne pourrait aider \u00e0 atteindre. Il faut dire que compar\u00e9 \u00e0 d'autres sources d'\u00e9nergies propres, l'hydrog\u00e8ne a des avantages. Il ne g\u00e9n\u00e8re que de la vapeur d'eau<\/strong> lors de la combustion dans l'air, et il est possible de le produire \u00e0 partir d'\u00e9nergies renouvelables<\/a> comme l'\u00e9olien ou le solaire.<\/p>\n

L'hydrog\u00e8ne, une \u00e9nergie de plus en plus cr\u00e9dible<\/h2>\n

Mais heureusement les derni\u00e8res \u00e9volutions de la technologies permettent d\u00e9sormais de r\u00e9duire drastiquement le recours au platine<\/strong>. Ce qui permet enfin d'envisager une production industrielle. En outre, l'hydrog\u00e8ne reste co\u00fbteux \u00e0 produire, en particulier avec de l'\u00e9nergie propre. Il pr\u00e9sente \u00e9galement un danger important d'explosion \u00e0 cause de sa densit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique inou\u00efe et du fait qu'il “aboie \u00e0 la flamme” en pr\u00e9sence d'oxyg\u00e8ne – autrement dit d\u00e9tonne facilement. Or l\u00e0 encore, les progr\u00e8s technologiques de ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es permettent d'envisager un stockage s\u00fbr et son utilisation <\/strong>dans une vaste gamme d'appareils.<\/p>\n

Et pour une fois, l'Europe semble en train de prendre un temps d'avance<\/strong>. Comme le rappelle Bloomberg, l'Union Europ\u00e9enne a pr\u00e9vu un budget colossal de 470 milliards d'euros pour d\u00e9velopper les infrastructures n\u00e9cessaires \u00e0 la fili\u00e8re sur le continent<\/strong> dans le cadre du dernier plan de relance. Et dans le monde, les projets pour produire de l'hydrog\u00e8ne se multiplient depuis 2020<\/strong>. “C'est pays contre pays pour s\u00e9curiser des parts de march\u00e9s”<\/em>, estime Gero Farrugio, responsable chez Rystad Energy. Et de poursuivre : “nous appelons cela ‘les guerres de l'hydrog\u00e8ne' \u00e0 cause de la mani\u00e8re dont les gouvernements font la course pour subventionner ces projets, pour devenir leader”.<\/em><\/p>\n

Rystad Energy est l'un des acteurs de ce nouvel El Dorado de l'hydrog\u00e8ne. La firme a pr\u00e9vu une s\u00e9rie de projets dans le monde totalisant quelques 60 gigawatts – dont une majorit\u00e9 on \u00e9t\u00e9 annonc\u00e9s cette ann\u00e9e. Parmi les grandes puissances, seuls les Etats-Unis de Trump restent pour l'heure \u00e0 l'\u00e9cart de l'hydrog\u00e8ne<\/strong>. Le locataire de la Maison Blanche est en effet plut\u00f4t all\u00e9 \u00e0 contre-courant de la prise conscience mondiale du climat dans le monde. En se retirant des accords de Paris, et en relan\u00e7ant les investissements dans la fili\u00e8re fossile.<\/p>\n