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La plan\u00e8te Terre (vue d'artiste) \/ Cr\u00e9dits : Pixabay<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Vous le savez peut-\u00eatre, mais le p\u00f4le nord qu'indique l'aimant de votre boussole ne correspond plus au p\u00f4le nord correspondant \u00e0 l'axe de rotation de la Terre. En fait, depuis les ann\u00e9es 2000, celui-ci s'\u00e9loigne de cet axe \u00e0 une vitesse d'une rapidit\u00e9 in\u00e9dite, depuis les d\u00e9buts des mesures pr\u00e9cises dans les ann\u00e9es 1830 : une cinquantaine de kilom\u00e8tres par an contre une petite dizaine de kilom\u00e8tres auparavant. Il r\u00e9duit \u00e9galement constamment en intensit\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Le champ magn\u00e9tique terrestre est li\u00e9 \u00e0 une sorte d'effet dynamo entre le coeur solide de la plan\u00e8te et les couches ext\u00e9rieures au centre de la plan\u00e8te qui, elles, sont liquides.\u00a0Or ce champ magn\u00e9tique est indispensable \u00e0 plus d'un titre.\u00a0D'abord, il permet au ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne de la vie de se poursuivre. Sans champ magn\u00e9tique, nous serions en effet bombard\u00e9s par les radiations en provenance de notre \u00e9toile et par des rayons cosmiques \u00e0 haute \u00e9nergie.<\/p>\n

Dans notre histoire humaine plus contemporaine, ce champ magn\u00e9tique a \u00e9galement toujours vari\u00e9 suffisamment peu pour qu'on s'y appuie pour faciliter la navigation. Et cela est toujours vrai en 2019 : m\u00eame nos smartphones am\u00e9liorent la pr\u00e9cision de la navigation gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 leur magn\u00e9tom\u00e8tre (une sorte de boussole high tech)<\/strong> !\u00a0Pourtant, cela semble de moins en moins fiable, surtout quand on sait que les p\u00f4les nord et sud se sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 invers\u00e9s plusieurs fois au cours de notre histoire g\u00e9ologique.<\/p>\n