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Des enfants travaillant dans une mine en RDC \/ Cr\u00e9dits : Wikimedia Commons<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Apple, Google, Tesla, Microsoft, Dell… un nouveau proc\u00e8s s'ouvre aux Etats-Unis : selon les plaignants ces firmes ont aid\u00e9 ou encourag\u00e9 des entreprises mini\u00e8res qui ont profit\u00e9 du travail d'enfant – forc\u00e9s de travailler dans des conditions si dangereuses qu'elles les m\u00e8nent souvent \u00e0 la mort ou \u00e0 subir des accidents graves. Le cobalt est un \u00e9l\u00e9ment central de l'industrie \u00e9lectronique. 30% de la production mondiale de cobalt sert en fait \u00e0 produire des batteries lithium-ion : celles-ci comportent en effet une \u00e9lectrode compos\u00e9e de LiCoO2<\/sub>.<\/p>\n

Le probl\u00e8me, c'est que ce m\u00e9tal est tr\u00e8s rare et tr\u00e8s cher. Et on le trouve surtout en R\u00e9publique D\u00e9mocratique du Congo (RDC). Avec une production de 63 000 tonnes en 2014, la RDC repr\u00e9sente \u00e0 elle seule 51,2% de la production mondiale. Or, cet engouement pour le minerai, combin\u00e9 \u00e0 la situation politique tr\u00e8s instable du pays a entrain\u00e9 la cr\u00e9ation de nombreuses mines artisanales employant des centaines de milliers de personnes, le plus souvent des enfants. Pour ne rien arranger, m\u00eame les grands groupes miniers comme Glencore exploiteraient des enfants, selon la plainte, dans des conditions catastrophiques.<\/p>\n