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Xavier Niel exp\u00e9rimente tr\u00e8s t\u00f4t avec le Minitel<\/span><\/h2>\n

Difficile alors d\u2019imaginer ce que deviendra, demain, l\u2019informatique. \u00c0 l\u2019\u00e9poque, tout reste encore \u00e0 inventer. L\u2019anc\u00eatre d\u2019internet, ARPANET, existe d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux \u00c9tats-Unis et la premi\u00e8re version du protocole TCP\/IP permet \u00e0 ce r\u00e9seau de s\u2019\u00e9tendre, jusqu\u2019\u00e0 Stockholm d\u00e8s 1988. Mais il sert alors surtout \u00e0 connecter des universit\u00e9s et autres \u00e9tablissements scientifiques. La France, \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, a pris en quelque sorte un train d\u2019avance sur le monde connect\u00e9 s\u2019annonce avec le Minitel<\/strong>. D'aucuns diront que ce “saut temporel” a aussi retard\u00e9 la p\u00e9n\u00e9tration d'internet – le vrai – dans l'hexagone.<\/p>\n

Car ce syst\u00e8me ne connecte pas vraiment des ordinateurs entre eux. Les Minitels sont des consoles ind\u00e9pendantes permettant de consulter des services textuels payants. Ils sont accessibles en composant un num\u00e9ro de t\u00e9l\u00e9phone puis en tapant le nom d\u2019un service, par exemple\u00a03611 pour l\u2019annuaire. Il n\u2019est alors pas question d\u2019affichage en couleur, ni m\u00eame de graphiques. Comme le Sinclair de Xavier Niel, le Minitel ne sait afficher que des caract\u00e8res alphanum\u00e9riques en noir et blanc. \u00c0 la diff\u00e9rence de ce dernier, il s'agit d'un syst\u00e8me tout-en-un tr\u00e8s bon march\u00e9.<\/p>\n

D\u00e8s les ann\u00e9es\u00a01980, \u00e0 la faveur de millions de Minitels distribu\u00e9s aux foyers fran\u00e7ais par France T\u00e9l\u00e9com, le succ\u00e8s de cet \u00ab\u2009internet avant internet\u2009\u00bb est tout simplement fulgurant. Les Fran\u00e7ais commencent \u00e0 pouvoir consulter leur banque, acheter des billets d\u2019avion et de train et communiquer par Minitel. Ce succ\u00e8s s\u2019accompagne du d\u00e9veloppement d\u2019une offre de services tr\u00e8s fournie. L\u2019innovation fait presque figure d\u2019anachronisme dans un monde qui est alors peu connect\u00e9 \u2014 si l\u2019on compare avec ce que nous connaissons aujourd\u2019hui.<\/p>\n