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Google et les autres GAFAM s'accommodent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement mal des lois locales, en particulier fiscales<\/span><\/h2>\n

Au del\u00e0 de ces trois affaires, les entreprises am\u00e9ricaines qui r\u00e8gnent en ma\u00eetres sur internet s'accommodent mal des lois locales. Pour ne pas dire qu'elles cherchent syst\u00e9matiquement \u00e0 les contourner d\u00e8s que cela limite leur marge de manoeuvre ou leur rentabilit\u00e9. Ainsi Google base ses op\u00e9rations en Europe en Irlande, et s'adonne \u00e0 des pratiques d'optimisation fiscale. En 2016 par exemple, Google a exfiltr\u00e9 au total 15,9 milliards d'euros via les Pays-Bas vers une soci\u00e9t\u00e9-\u00e9cran bas\u00e9e aux Bermudes – une technique connue sous le nom de “sandwich hollandais”.<\/p>\n

Cette technique consiste \u00e0 transf\u00e9rer des revenus d'une filiale irlandaise vers une entreprise n\u00e9erlandaise sans aucun salari\u00e9. L'int\u00e9r\u00eat, c'est que gr\u00e2ce aux accords de double imposition avec l'Irlande, elle pourra s'acquitter des imp\u00f4ts aux Pays-Bas. Or ce dernier pays a des accords de d\u00e9fiscalisation avec des paradis fiscaux, notamment les Bermudes ce qui permet au final \u00e0 Google de b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier du taux d'imposition beaucoup plus avantageux de ce pays… Bien s\u00fbr, cette attitude d\u00e9l\u00e9t\u00e8re suscite des levers de boucliers.<\/p>\n

Mais cela met aussi souvent en lumi\u00e8re l'impuissance des Etats seuls \u00e0 imposer quoi que ce soit aux multinationales. Sur le versant de la fiscalit\u00e9, par exemple, malgr\u00e9 des fortes critiques, r\u00e9currentes, Google France paie un imp\u00f4t extr\u00eamement bas en France. Bercy n'est pas parvenu \u00e0 mener \u00e0 terme le redressement fiscal qu'elle avait intent\u00e9 contre Google pour un montant de 1,1 milliard d'euros sur la p\u00e9riode 2015-2010. C'est le tribunal administratif qui a tranch\u00e9 – alors que ce redressement \u00e9tait l'aboutissement d'une bataille fiscale avec l'Etat. Ce dernier accusait tout de m\u00eame la firme, entre autres, de “blanchiment d'argent en bande organis\u00e9e”<\/em>.<\/p>\n