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Qu'est-ce que l'intelligence artificielle ?<\/span><\/h2>\n

On parle d'intelligence artificielle faible<\/em>\u00a0lorsqu'une machine est capable de simuler l'intelligence humaine et d'intelligence artificielle\u00a0forte<\/em> lorsque celle-ci est capable\u00a0d\u2019\u00e9prouver l'impression d'une r\u00e9elle conscience de soi. Lorsque l'on parle, en 2018, d'intelligence artificielle, on parle du premier cas – pour l'heure, aucune machine capable d'une r\u00e9elle conscience d'elle m\u00eame n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9. Donc pour \u00e9viter toute confusion ou fantasme li\u00e9 au risque suppos\u00e9 d'une intelligence artificielle qui “serait capable d'\u00e9radiquer l'humanit\u00e9<\/em>” (on force le trait), nous parlerons d'intelligence artificielle faible <\/em>:\u00a0le\u00a0type d'IA qui se retrouve, vous allez le voir, dans votre smartphone.<\/p>\n

L'intelligence artificielle faible provient d'un besoin pragmatique. On sait automatiser de nombreuses t\u00e2ches r\u00e9p\u00e9titives, mais certaines r\u00e9sistent – si bien qu'elles ne peuvent ou ne pouvaient jusqu'\u00e0 il y a encore peu de temps \u00eatre confi\u00e9es \u00e0 des ordinateurs. Cela a beaucoup chang\u00e9 gr\u00e2ce au\u00a0machine learning<\/em>, ou apprentissage machine c'est \u00e0 dire l'\u00e9laboration de m\u00e9thodes permettant \u00e0 un ordinateur, via une approche syst\u00e9matis\u00e9e, d'apprendre comment r\u00e9aliser correctement une t\u00e2che donn\u00e9e. Le\u00a0machine learning\u00a0<\/em>s'illustre dans de nombreux tests et comp\u00e9titions qui ont fait la Une des journaux.<\/p>\n